Blockchain technology entered mainstream public consciousness through cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, but reducing blockchain to cryptocurrency obscures the features that make the technology potentially relevant to international arbitration. At its core, blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology in which records are maintained across a network according to defined validation rules, with cryptographic mechanisms helping participants verify the integrity …

In the digital age, the field of international arbitration has increasingly embraced technological advancements to streamline processes and improve efficiency. However, the integration of technology also brings heightened risks to data protection and privacy. This necessitates robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard sensitive information and maintain the integrity of arbitration proceedings. The Importance of Cybersecurity in Arbitration International arbitration often involves …

In a recent judgment between Esso Exploration and Production Nigeria Ltd v. Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (decided on July 8, 2022, and cited as 19-3159 (L) (2d Cir. Jul. 8, 2022)), the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (“appellate court”) unanimously affirmed the judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York …