​Investor–State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) has long been a cornerstone of international investment protection, designed to encourage cross-border investments by offering foreign investors a neutral forum to bring claims against host states. However, over the years, the system has faced increasing scrutiny over fairness, transparency, and its impact on national sovereignty. Today, ISDS reform has become one of the most critical …

The expansion of mobile arbitration platforms is set to revolutionize the field of international arbitration in the coming years. This trend is driven by the increasing ubiquity of mobile devices and the growing demand for flexible, accessible dispute-resolution mechanisms. As more people rely on smartphones and tablets for their professional and personal lives, integrating arbitration processes into these devices makes …

Smart contracts are often described as though they represent the end of legal uncertainty because they replace promises with computer code, intermediaries with automated execution, and post-breach enforcement with performance that occurs automatically once programmed conditions are satisfied. That description captures part of their attraction, but it also overstates what smart contracts actually accomplish and understates the legal problems they …